diff --git a/src/transformation/builtins/math.ts b/src/transformation/builtins/math.ts
index ab831d52f..82a118ec1 100644
--- a/src/transformation/builtins/math.ts
+++ b/src/transformation/builtins/math.ts
@@ -42,14 +42,20 @@ export function transformMathCall(
 
     const expressionName = calledMethod.name.text;
     switch (expressionName) {
-        // Lua 5.3: math.atan(y, x)
+        // Lua 5.3+: math.atan(y, x)
         // Otherwise: math.atan2(y, x)
         case "atan2": {
             if (context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Universal) {
                 return transformLuaLibFunction(context, LuaLibFeature.MathAtan2, node, ...params);
             }
 
-            const method = lua.createStringLiteral(context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Lua53 ? "atan" : "atan2");
+            const useAtan2 =
+                context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Lua50 ||
+                context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Lua51 ||
+                context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Lua52 ||
+                context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.LuaJIT ||
+                context.luaTarget === LuaTarget.Luau;
+            const method = lua.createStringLiteral(useAtan2 ? "atan2" : "atan");
             return lua.createCallExpression(lua.createTableIndexExpression(math, method), params, node);
         }
 
diff --git a/test/unit/builtins/math.spec.ts b/test/unit/builtins/math.spec.ts
index f3ff1f306..d09b331cd 100644
--- a/test/unit/builtins/math.spec.ts
+++ b/test/unit/builtins/math.spec.ts
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ util.testEachVersion("Math.atan2", () => util.testExpression`Math.atan2(4, 5)`,
     [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua51]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan2),
     [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua52]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan2),
     [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua53]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan),
-    [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua54]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan2),
-    [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua55]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan2),
+    [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua54]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan),
+    [tstl.LuaTarget.Lua55]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan),
     [tstl.LuaTarget.Luau]: builder => builder.tap(expectMathAtan2),
 });