The fnmatch documentation should explicitly mention the type of exceptions raised by fnmatch.fnmatch():
https://docs.python.org/3/library/fnmatch.html

In my case it raised sre_constants.error, and it took some time to understand that the proper way to catch this type of exceptions is to catch the re.error superclass, by reading https://bugs.python.org/issue795379.

Actually that would be the case for any module using the re module under the hood, possibly passing an ill-formed regex to a re function.